We could find straightaway, however, that people cant straightforwardly pick causation that have counterfactual dependence just like the outlined when you look at the (8) above
How, up coming, you will we establish ‘real causation with the structural equations design?
(8) A varying Y counterfactually hinges on a changeable X for the a model when the and simply if it is really the situation one X = x and you will Y = y so there are present opinions x? ? x and you will y? ? y in a fashion that replacement the fresh new formula to possess X which have X = x? Devamını Oku →